Linked decision nodes in a business process model

ABSTRACT

Embodiments of the present invention address deficiencies of the art in respect to decision node processing in a business process model and provide a method, system and computer program product for linked decision nodes in business process models. In an embodiment of the invention, a business process model simulation method can be provided. The method can include loading a business process model for simulation, designating a decision node in the business process model as a master decision node and linking another decision node in the business process model as a slave decision node to the master decision node. The method further can include simulating the master decision node to select an output pin and storing the selected output pin in association with the master decision node, and applying the selected output pin in the slave decision node when arriving at the slave decision node during the simulation without simulating the slave decision node.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to the field of business process modelingand more particularly to simulating decision nodes in a business processmodel.

2. Description of the Related Art

Process modeling and simulation relates to the modeling and simulationof dynamic or static systems, which can include, but are not limited to,enterprise management systems, engineering systems, networkedinformation technology systems, utility systems, utility computingsystems, autonomic computing systems, on-demand systems, electric powergrids, biological systems, medical systems, weather systems, financialmarket systems, and business process systems. Such systems can bemodeled and simulated for a variety of purposes including monitoring,analysis, control, design, simulation, and management.

A process model is an abstract description of a process such as abusiness process or any other process related to the lifecycle of asystem. The abstract description of the process model can includesufficient detail required by a simulation engine for exercising theprocess model with one or more scenarios to determine a likely outcome.Process models generally specify one or more tasks or activities of aprocess and the relationship between the different tasks or activities.As part of the model, one or more events or conditions leading to thetransition from one task or activity to the next can be specified.Models generally are expressed according to a specific format. Exemplaryformats include Activity Decision Flow (ADF) Unified Modeling Language(UML) activity diagrams, and the Business Process Execution Language(BPEL), to name only a few.

Most process modeling notations provide for a set of nodes connected byflow-of-control and in some cases flow-of-data. These nodes correspondto a set of behavioral elements that have been in use from flowchartsonward into modern business process modeling. A core set of node typesinclude tasks, decisions, merges, forks and joins. Tasks are nodes whereactions are performed and decisions are nodes where decisions areperformed, and the flow of control of a process branches along mutuallyexclusive paths. Merges are nodes where branches in a process arebrought together. Finally, forks are nodes where the flow of control ofa process forks into multiple, parallel, paths, while joins are nodeswhere the parallel flows of control from a previous fork are broughttogether.

The decision making performed in a decision node can involve processingoverhead when simulating a decision node. This result cannot be escapedfor a unique decision node; however, a redundancy occurs where theoutcome from processing one decision node differs little from theoutcome when processing a related decision node. Specifically, where theoutcome of one decision node should not vary from the outcome of anotherdecision node, processing overhead can be needlessly incurred withoutchanging the outcome for processing the latter decision node.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments of the present invention address deficiencies of the art inrespect to decision node processing in a business process model andprovide a novel and non-obvious method, system and computer programproduct for linked decision nodes in business process models. In anembodiment of the invention, a business process model simulation methodcan be provided. The method can include loading a business process modelfor simulation, designating a decision node in the business processmodel as a master decision node and linking another decision node in thebusiness process model as a slave decision node to the master decisionnode. The method further can include simulating the master decision nodeto select an output pin and storing the selected output pin inassociation with the master decision node, and applying the selectedoutput pin in the slave decision node when arriving at the slavedecision node during the simulation without simulating the slavedecision node.

In aspect of the embodiment, the method also can include simulating theslave decision node to select an output pin when the master decisionnode has not stored a selected output pin. In another aspect of theembodiment, the method can include validating the master decision nodeand the slave decision node to ensure compatibility. In this regard,validating the master decision node and the slave decision node toensure compatibility can include comparing the master decision node tothe slave decision node to ensure that input and output pins for themaster decision node and the slave decision node match, that both aconfiguration and names for the input and the output pins for the masterdecision node and the slave decision node match and that tests for themaster decision node and the slave decision node match. Further,validating the master decision node can include ensuring that the masterdecision node and the slave decision node do not override a current flowmode of simulation and that the input and output pins of the masterdecision node and the slave decision node do not span process boundariesin the business process model.

In another embodiment of the invention, a business process modelsimulation data processing system can be provided. The system caninclude a simulation engine executing in a host computing platform and abusiness process model coupled to the simulation engine for simulationby the simulation engine. The model can include nodes including decisionnodes where a selection of the decision nodes are designated masterdecision nodes and a corresponding selection of the decision nodes aredesignated slave decision nodes, each being associated with one of themaster decision nodes. The system yet further can include a data storeof linked nodes storing output pin selections, each corresponding to adifferent one of the master decision nodes. Finally, the system caninclude linked decision node logic. The logic can include program codeenabled to apply an output pin selection to a slave decision nodecorresponding to an output pin selection in the data store correspondingto a master decision node linked to the slave decision node.

Additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in thedescription which follows, and in part will be obvious from thedescription, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The aspectsof the invention will be realized and attained by means of the elementsand combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. It isto be understood that both the foregoing general description and thefollowing detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only andare not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute partof this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention andtogether with the description, serve to explain the principles of theinvention. The embodiments illustrated herein are presently preferred,it being understood, however, that the invention is not limited to theprecise arrangements and instrumentalities shown, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a pictorial illustration of a process for managing linkeddecision nodes in a business process model;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a simulation data processingsystem configured for managing linked decision nodes in a businessprocess model; and,

FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a process for managing linkeddecision nodes in a business process model.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments of the present invention provide a method, system andcomputer program product for linked decision nodes in a business processmodel. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a setof decision nodes can be selected in a business process model and one ofthe nodes can be designated a master node while the remaining nodes canbe designated slave nodes. The master and slave nodes can be verified tobe compatible and if so, the decision outcome made after processing themaster node during simulation can be stored and applied subsequently asthe outcome of the slave nodes without processing the slave nodes. Inthis way, the processing overhead associated with processing similardecision nodes can be avoided.

In further illustration, FIG. 1 is a pictorial illustration of a processfor managing linked decision nodes in a business process model. As shownin FIG. 1, a process model 100 can include multiple different nodes 110including decision nodes 120, 120A, 120B. Decision nodes 120, 120A, 120Bprovide a test which when evaluated acts to select one of two orpossible paths in a flow to a next nodes. Non-decision ones of the nodes110, by comparison, include action nodes in which an action is performedwhen a token arrives in the non-decision one of the nodes 110. In thisway, a flow through a business process can be simulated by traversing acorresponding business process model 110 node by node.

Notably, both a master decision node 120A and a corresponding slavedecision node 120B can be defined in the business process model 100. Themaster decision node 120A can act as any other decision node 120excepting that the outcome of evaluating the test for the masterdecision node 120A can be stored and applied when reaching thecorresponding slave decision node 120B during simulation of the businessprocess model 100. To that end, the master decision node 120A and theslave decision node 120B must be compatible in that the input and outputpins for the master decision node 120A and the slave decision node 120Bmust match, the configuration and names of the input and the output pinsfor the master decision node 120A and the slave decision node 120B mustmatch, and the tests for the master decision node 120A and the slavedecision node 120B must match.

Preferably, the master decision node 120A and the slave decision node120B should not override a current flow mode of simulation such as arandom mode, a probability mode and an expression mode meaning that thetest applied is simulated according to a random selection of outputpins, a probabilistic determination of output pins, or an logicalselection of output pins based upon the evaluation of an expression.Further, it is preferred albeit not required that the input and outputpins of the master decision node 120A and the slave decision node 120Bdo not span process boundaries in the business process model 100.

The skilled artisan will recognized the simplistic illustration of thebusiness process model 100; however, it is to be further recognized thatunlimited layers of complexity can be added to the business processmodel 100 in keeping within the spirit of the embodiment of theinvention shown herein. Namely, multiple different master decision nodescan be placed within the business process model 100, each having amultiplicity of different corresponding slave decision nodes. Further,each of the master decision nodes and slave decision nodes can includeas few as a single input pin and two output pins, and as many asmultiple input pins and multiple output pins.

The process shown in FIG. 1 can be implemented in conjunction with abusiness process model simulation data processing system. Inillustration, FIG. 2 schematically depicts a simulation data processingsystem configured for managing linked decision nodes in a businessprocess model. The system can include a host computing platform 210supporting the execution of a business process simulation engine 220.The business process simulation engine 220 can be configured to simulatea business process model 230 representative of a business process ofinterest.

Notably, linked decision node logic 250 can be coupled to the simulationengine 220 and can be configured to access a data store of linked nodes240. The data store of linked nodes 240 can store a listing of masterdecision node output pin selections and also a listing of correspondingslave decision nodes. Alternatively, the data stored within the datastore of linked nodes 240 can be encapsulated within the businessprocess model 230 itself such that each decision node encapsulateswhether or not the decision node is linked to another node as a masteror slave decision node, the identity of a corresponding master decisionnode if apropos, and a last stored selection of a master decision nodeif apropos.

The linked decision logic 250 can include program code first to validatea selection of pairings between master decision nodes and correspondingslave decision nodes in order to ensure compatibility. Thereafter, theprogram code can be enabled to be executed when a simulation of thebusiness process model 230 requires a selection of an output pin throughan evaluation of a decision node in the business process model 230. Onceexecuted, the program code can be enabled to determine whether or not adecision node is a master decision node, or a slave decision node. Ifthe decision node is a master decision node, the decision node can beprocessed either in random, probabilistic or expression mode, and theoutcome—namely the selection of an output pin can be applied and theselection can be stored in association with the master decision node.

Conversely, if the decision node is a slave decision node, acorresponding master decision node can be identified. If the masterdecision node has stored a previous selection of an output pin, theprevious selection can be applied to the slave decision node withoutrequiring the simulation engine 220 to process the slave decision nodeindependently. Of course, if the decision node is neither a masterdecision node or a slave decision node, or alternatively if thecorresponding master decision node has not previously stored a selectionof an output pin (indicating a chronological arrival at the slavedecision node prior to the master decision node), then the decision nodecan be processed by the simulation engine 220.

In yet further illustration, FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating aprocess for managing linked decision nodes in a business process model.Beginning in block 310, a first node on the business process model canbe selected for processing. In decision block 320, if the selected nodeis not a decision node, in block 330 the selected node can be simulatedand in decision block 340, it can be determined whether additional nodesin the business process model remain to be simulated. If so, a next nodein the business process model can be selected in block 310 an indecision block 320, it again can be determined whether the selected nodeis a decision node.

In decision block 320, if it is determined that the selected node is adecision node, in block 350 the node can be consulted either internallythrough encapsulated data, or externally in a separate data store todetermine the nature of the decision node. Specifically, in decisionblock 360 it can be determined whether or the not the decision node is amaster decision node. If so, in block 370 the master decision node canbe simulated and the outcome can be stored for subsequent use.Otherwise, in decision block 380 it can be determined whether a storedoutcome exists in connection with the decision node. If so, the node canbe determined to be a slave decision node and in block 390 the outcomecan be applied to the slave decision node.

In contrast, if a stored outcome does not exist for the decision node,it is either because the decision node is neither a slave decision nodenor a master decision node, or because the slave decision node precedesthe master decision node chronologically in terms of simulation flowthrough the business process model. In either case, the decision nodecan be simulated in block 330 and again it can be determined whetheradditional nodes remain to be simulated in the business process model.If not, the process can end in block 400.

Embodiments of the invention can take the form of an entirely hardwareembodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment containingboth hardware and software elements. In a preferred embodiment, theinvention is implemented in software, which includes but is not limitedto firmware, resident software, microcode, and the like. Furthermore,the invention can take the form of a computer program product accessiblefrom a computer-usable or computer-readable medium providing programcode for use by or in connection with a computer or any instructionexecution system.

For the purposes of this description, a computer-usable or computerreadable medium can be any apparatus that can contain, store,communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or inconnection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.The medium can be an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic,infrared, or semiconductor system (or apparatus or device) or apropagation medium. Examples of a computer-readable medium include asemiconductor or solid state memory, magnetic tape, a removable computerdiskette, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), arigid magnetic disk and an optical disk. Current examples of opticaldisks include compact disk-read only memory (CD-ROM), compactdisk-read/write (CD-R/W) and DVD.

A data processing system suitable for storing and/or executing programcode will include at least one processor coupled directly or indirectlyto memory elements through a system bus. The memory elements can includelocal memory employed during actual execution of the program code, bulkstorage, and cache memories which provide temporary storage of at leastsome program code in order to reduce the number of times code must beretrieved from bulk storage during execution. Input/output or I/Odevices (including but not limited to keyboards, displays, pointingdevices, etc.) can be coupled to the system either directly or throughintervening I/O controllers. Network adapters may also be coupled to thesystem to enable the data processing system to become coupled to otherdata processing systems or remote printers or storage devices throughintervening private or public networks. Modems, cable modem and Ethernetcards are just a few of the currently available types of networkadapters.

1. A business process model simulation method comprising: loading abusiness process model for simulation; designating a decision node inthe business process model as a master decision node and linking anotherdecision node in the business process model as a slave decision node tothe master decision node; simulating the master decision node to selectan output pin and storing the selected output pin in association withthe master decision node; and, applying the selected output pin in theslave decision node when arriving at the slave decision node during thesimulation without simulating the slave decision node.
 2. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising simulating the slave decision node to selectan output pin when the master decision node has not stored a selectedoutput pin.
 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising validating themaster decision node and the slave decision node to ensurecompatibility.
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein validating the masterdecision node and the slave decision node to ensure compatibility,comprises comparing the master decision node to the slave decision nodeto ensure that input and output pins for the master decision node andthe slave decision node match.
 5. The method of claim 4, whereinvalidating the master decision node and the slave decision node toensure compatibility, further comprises comparing the master decisionnode to the slave decision node to ensure that both a configuration andnames for the input and the output pins for the master decision node andthe slave decision node match.
 6. The method of claim 5, whereinvalidating the master decision node and the slave decision node toensure compatibility, further comprises comparing the master decisionnode and the slave decision node to ensure that tests for the masterdecision node and the slave decision node match.
 7. The method of claim6, wherein validating the master decision node and the slave decisionnode to ensure compatibility, further comprises comparing the masterdecision node and the slave decision node to ensure that the masterdecision node and the slave decision node do not override a current flowmode of simulation.
 8. The method of claim 6, wherein validating themaster decision node and the slave decision node to ensurecompatibility, further comprises comparing the master decision node andthe slave decision node to ensure that the input and output pins of themaster decision node and the slave decision node do not span processboundaries in the business process model.
 9. A business process modelsimulation data processing system comprising: a simulation engineexecuting in a host computing platform; a business process model coupledto the simulation engine for simulation by the simulation engine, themodel comprising a plurality of nodes including decision nodes, aselection of the decision nodes being designated master decision nodesand a corresponding selection of the decision nodes each beingdesignated a slave decision node associated with one of the masterdecision nodes; a data store of linked nodes storing output pinselections each corresponding to a different one of the master decisionnodes; and, linked decision node logic comprising program code enabledto apply an output pin selection to a slave decision node correspondingto an output pin selection in the data store corresponding to a masterdecision node linked to the slave decision node.
 10. The system of claim9, wherein the data store is encapsulated by the master decision nodesand the slave decision nodes.
 11. A computer program product comprisinga computer usable medium embodying computer usable program code forbusiness process model simulation, the computer program productcomprising: computer usable program code for loading a business processmodel for simulation; computer usable program code for designating adecision node in the business process model as a master decision nodeand linking another decision node in the business process model as aslave decision node to the master decision node; computer usable programcode for simulating the master decision node to select an output pin andstoring the selected output pin in association with the master decisionnode; and, computer usable program code for applying the selected outputpin in the slave decision node when arriving at the slave decision nodeduring the simulation without simulating the slave decision node. 12.The computer program product of claim 11, further comprising computerusable program code for simulating the slave decision node to select anoutput pin when the master decision node has not stored a selectedoutput pin.
 13. The computer program product of claim 11, furthercomprising computer usable program code for validating the masterdecision node and the slave decision node to ensure compatibility. 14.The computer program product of claim 13, wherein the computer usableprogram code for validating the master decision node and the slavedecision node to ensure compatibility, comprises computer usable programcode for comparing the master decision node to the slave decision nodeto ensure that input and output pins for the master decision node andthe slave decision node match.
 15. The computer program product of claim14, wherein the computer usable program code for validating the masterdecision node and the slave decision node to ensure compatibility,further comprises computer usable program code for comparing the masterdecision node to the slave decision node to ensure that both aconfiguration and names for the input and the output pins for the masterdecision node and the slave decision node match.
 16. The computerprogram product of claim 15, wherein the computer usable program codefor validating the master decision node and the slave decision node toensure compatibility, further comprises computer usable program code forcomparing the master decision node and the slave decision node to ensurethat tests for the master decision node and the slave decision nodematch.
 17. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein thecomputer usable program code for validating the master decision node andthe slave decision node to ensure compatibility, further comprisescomputer usable program code for comparing the master decision node andthe slave decision node to ensure that the master decision node and theslave decision node do not override a current flow mode of simulation.18. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein the computerusable program code for validating the master decision node and theslave decision node to ensure compatibility, further comprises computerusable program code for comparing the master decision node and the slavedecision node to ensure that the input and output pins of the masterdecision node and the slave decision node do not span process boundariesin the business process model.